Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Articles

The Level of Awareness on the Antibacterial Therapy Among Adults in Cablong Sta. Barbara Residents

Nicolyn Pajalla
University of Luzon
Jennifer Unating
University of Luzon
Leslie Ann Collado
University of Luzon
Johanna Beltran-Villar
University of Luzon

Published 2025-04-30

Keywords

  • Antibacterial Therapy,
  • Awareness,
  • Antibiotic Resistance

How to Cite

Pajalla, N., Unating, J., Collado, L. A., & Beltran-Villar, J. (2025). The Level of Awareness on the Antibacterial Therapy Among Adults in Cablong Sta. Barbara Residents. Celebes Nursing Journal, 2(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.70848/cnj.v2i1.24

Abstract

Introduction: Research in Antibacterial Therapy is vital due to its ability to combat infectious diseases effectively. This medicine was impacted on the world particularly in the public health. Inappropriate or improper antibiotic use contributes significantly to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To safeguard the future, it must continue to invest in research to combat antibiotic resistance and ensure the efficacy of antibiotics for generations to come. Objective: The time to act is now, for the consequences of inaction are too alarming to contemplate. Hence, the researchers conducted this study to assess the level of awareness of antibacterial therapy among adults. Method: The research design that was used in this study was descriptive and the setting was in a rural area, where it is characterized by its limited access to healthcare facilities providing a suitable setting, to investigate insights into how Antibiotic resistance manifests in undeserved and distant communities. The respondents consist of 50 adults and research sampling that was used in this study was purposive. Result: The results revealed that the majority of the respondents are least aware in terms of the Antibacterial therapy. These adults were evaluated concerning their level of awareness and knowledge about the antibacterial therapy. Furthermore, the respondents are not fully aware of the Antibacterial Therapy. Some of them buy antibiotics without a doctor's prescription and ask for antibiotics from their friends, family, and relatives. They are not also highly aware of the consequences of antibiotic use, such as long hospital days, higher medical costs, and antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: Findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between higher educational attainment and the category of use and misuse of Antibacterial therapy.

References

  1. Lim, K. K., & Teh, C. C. (2012). A Cross Sectional Study of Public Knowledge and Attitude towards Antibiotics in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Southern med review, 5(2), 26–33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606936/
  2. Leekha, S., Terrell, C. L., & Edson, R. S. (2011). General principles of Antibacterial Therapy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0639
  3. Lim, V. K. E., Cheah, K. T., Lim, K. H., & Gan, G. G. (2020). Antibiotic Use and Knowledge among Future Health Care Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Private University Malaysia. Antibiotics, 9(6), 349. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/349
  4. Lota, M. M. M., Chua, A. Q., Azupardo, K., Lumangaya, C., Reyes, K. A. V., Villanueva, S. Y. A. M., … & Roxas, E. A. (2022). A qualitative study on the design and implementation of the national action plan on Antibacterial resistance in the Philippines. Antibiotics, 11(6), 820.
  5. Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative Researching (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
  6. McEwen, S. A., & Collignon, P. J. (2018). Antibacterial Resistance: a One Health
  7. Perspective. Microbiology spectrum, 6(2), 10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0009-2017. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0009-2017
  8. McNulty, C., Read, B., Quigley, A., Verlander, N. Q., & Lecky, D. M. (2022, April 6). What the public in England know about antibiotic use and resistance in 2020: A face-to-face questionnaire survey. BMJ open. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987214/
  9. Michael, C. A., Dominey-Howes, D., & Labbate, M. (2014). The Antibacterial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management. Frontiers in public health, 2, 145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145
  10. Miller, S. (2018, August 1). Trends in U.S. antibiotic use, 2018. The Pew Charitable Trusts. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-andanalysis/issue-briefs/2018/08/trends-in-us-antibiotic-use-2018#:~:text=emergence%20of%20resistance.-,Antibiotic%20use%20in%20health%20care,the%20fourth%2Dhighest%20prescribing%20rate
  11. Min, S., Zhou, Y., Sun, Y., Ye, J., Dong, Y., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Zhou, H., & Li, H. (2022, October 24). Knowledge, attitude, and practice associated with Antibacterial resistance among medical students between 2017 and 2022: A survey in East China. Frontiers in public health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9637849/
  12. Mirasol, R. C., Kozlov, R. S., Ang, J. Y., & Hsu, L. Y. (2014). Antibacterial resistance in the Asia Pacific region: A meeting report. Antibacterial Resistance and Infection Control, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-3-1
  13. Mo, Y., Seah, I., Lye, P. S. P., Kee, X. L. J., Wong, K. Y. M., Ko, K. K. K., … & Cook, A. R. (2019). Relating knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic use to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage: results of a cross-sectional community survey. BMJ open, 9(3), e023859. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/3/e023859.full
  14. Nepal, G., & Bhatta, S. (2018). Self-medication with Antibiotics in WHO Southeast Asian Region: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 10(4), e2428. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2428
  15. Pan American health organization (2023) World Antibacterial Resistance Awareness Week 2023 https://www.paho.org/en/campaigns/worldAntibacterial-resistance-awareness-week-2023?fbclid=IwAR3bf4y6uOdSO4GJv8oed_ok1jWzC5tDmiCMwwJTe1PX wCFJJlN2E2A45-Q
  16. Pavydė, E., Veikutis, V., Mačiulienė, A., Mačiulis, V., Petrikonis, K., & Stankevičius, E. (2015). Public knowledge, beliefs and behavior on antibiotic use and self-medication in Lithuania. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(6), 7002-7016. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/6/7002
  17. Philippine News Agency. (2019, October 3). Antibiotics abuse: Saving money at the expense of one’s health
  18. Rahman, M. S., & Rahman, M. S. (2019). Antibiotic misuse in the rural Bangladesh: A qualitative exploration of human factors behind the rising antibiotic resistance. Heliyon, 5(1), e01163. https://www.sciencedirect.com /pii/S221339841830300 2
  19. Ray, P., Singh, S., & Gupta, S. (2019). Topical Antibacterial Therapy: Current status and challenges. Indian journal of medical microbiology, 37(3), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_19_443
  20. Saito, N., Takamura, N., Retuerma, G. P., Frayco, C. H., Solano, P. S., Ubas, C. D., … & Parry, C. M. (2018). Frequent community use of antibiotics among a low-economic status population in Manila, the Philippines: a prospective assessment using a urine antibiotic bioassay. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 98(5), 1512.
  21. San Juan, R. (2017). National antibiotic guidelines 2017. Research Institute for Tropical Medicine.https://ritm.gov.ph/national-antibiotic-guidelines-2017/
  22. Sihombing, B., Bhatia, R., Srivastava, R., Aditama, T. Y., Laxminarayan, R., & Rijal, S. (2023). Response to Antibacterial resistance in South-East Asia Region.
  23. Simegn, W. & Moges, F. (2022). Educational interventions and regulatory policies for controlling non-prescription antibiotic use: A systematic review. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020113
  24. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, 18. The challenges of combatting Antibacterial resistance in the Philippines. (2022). https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanmic/PIIS2666-5247(22)00029-5.pdf
  25. Tomaselli C. E. (1992). Pharmacotherapy in the geriatric population. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry, 12(3), 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1992.tb00424.x
  26. Wash, L., Santos, M., Lee, J., & Kim, Y. (2023). The challenges of combatting Antibacterial resistance in the Philippines. The Lancet Microbe, 4(2), e55– e56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00029-5
  27. Wilhelmsen, N. C., & Eriksson, T. (2019). Enhancing medication adherence through patient education and simplification of dosing regimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(5), 897–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13931
  28. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Antibiotic resistance. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/Antibacterial-resistance
  29. World Health Organization. (n.d.-b). Raising community awareness of Antibacterial resistance and enabling behavioural change. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/europe/activities/raisingcommunity-awareness-of-Antibacterial-resistance
  30. World Health Organization. (2023). Antibacterial resistance. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/Antibacterialresistance
  31. World Health Organization: WHO. (2019, July 23). Antibacterial resistance. https://www.who.int/health-topics/Antibacterial-resistance