Authorship & Contributorship

1. Purpose and Principles
Authorship reflects academic credit and responsibility for the integrity of published work. To support fairness, transparency, and accountability, the Celebes Nursing Journal (CNJ) adopts the authorship criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the contributorship framework of the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy).
These standards are intended to support appropriate attribution of authorship, meaningful reporting of individual contributions, and accountability for published work.

2. Authorship Criteria (ICMJE)
To qualify as an author, individuals must meet all four ICMJE criteria:

1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work;
2. Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content;
3. Final approval of the version to be published; and
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All individuals listed as authors must meet all four criteria, and all individuals who meet all four criteria should be identified as authors. Anyone who does not meet all four criteria must not be listed as an author and should instead be acknowledged when appropriate.

Artificial intelligence and AI-assisted technologies must not be listed or cited as authors or co-authors because they cannot fulfill the responsibility and accountability requirements of authorship. Human authors remain responsible for all submitted content, and any use of AI must be disclosed in accordance with CNJ's AI Use Policy.

3. Prohibited Authorship Practices
CNJ does not permit:

• Ghost authorship: failing to disclose an individual who made a contribution qualifying for authorship;
• Gift authorship: listing an individual who did not make a contribution qualifying for authorship; or
• Guest authorship: adding a prominent or influential individual primarily to increase the perceived credibility or likelihood of acceptance of a manuscript.

These practices constitute publication misconduct and are inconsistent with relevant COPE guidance and the ICMJE Recommendations.

4. Contributorship (CRediT Taxonomy)
CNJ requires a clear description of each author's contribution using the CRediT taxonomy, which comprises the following roles:

• Conceptualization
• Data Curation
• Formal Analysis
• Funding Acquisition
• Investigation
• Methodology
• Project Administration
• Resources
• Software
• Supervision
• Validation
• Visualization
• Writing – Original Draft
• Writing – Review & Editing

CRediT describes the nature of individual contributions but does not independently determine who qualifies for authorship. Every named author must still meet all four ICMJE authorship criteria.

The journal mandates an “Author Contributions” section specifying each author's applicable roles according to the CRediT categories.

5. Corresponding Author Responsibilities
The corresponding author is the primary point of communication with the journal and ensures the integrity and accuracy of all submission materials. Responsibilities include:

• Confirming that all listed authors meet the ICMJE authorship criteria;
• Confirming that all individuals who meet the authorship criteria have been appropriately included;
• Managing manuscript submission and communication with the journal;
• Ensuring that authorship information, ethical approvals, clinical trial registration where applicable, conflict-of-interest statements, funding disclosures, and other required declarations are complete and accurate;
• Securing agreement from all authors on the submitted and final versions of the manuscript; and
• Remaining available after publication to respond to questions and assist with corrections, clarifications, retractions, or other post-publication matters when necessary.

The corresponding author must uphold transparency and act as the central point of communication and accountability. This role does not reduce the individual and collective responsibilities of the other authors.

6. Authorship Changes
Any request to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must include:

• A written justification for the requested change;
• Written agreement from all listed authors;
• Written agreement from any author being added or removed; and
• Confirmation from the corresponding author.

CNJ may suspend editorial consideration while an unresolved authorship dispute is being addressed. CNJ and its editors will not adjudicate authorship disputes. When the authors cannot reach agreement, the matter must be referred to the relevant institution or institutions for investigation and resolution.

Approved authorship changes after publication will be documented through an appropriate correction notice linked to the published article.

7. Contributors Who Do Not Qualify for Authorship
Individuals who contribute to the work but do not meet all four ICMJE authorship criteria should be acknowledged rather than listed as authors. Examples include:

• Editorial, language, or technical assistance;
• Statistical guidance;
• General supervision;
• Administrative or logistical support;
• Funding acquisition without other contributions qualifying for authorship; or
• Professional writing assistance supported by an individual or organization.

The nature of each acknowledged contribution should be stated. Written permission must be obtained from individuals who are named in the acknowledgments because acknowledgment may be interpreted as implying endorsement of the work.

8. Transparency in Funding and Conflicts of Interest
All authors must:

• Disclose all sources of funding and other relevant support;
• Include a conflict-of-interest statement disclosing relevant financial and non-financial relationships or stating that no conflict exists;
• Complete the ICMJE Disclosure Form at the time of initial manuscript submission; and
• Ensure the accuracy of ethics approvals, clinical trial registration where applicable, data availability statements, and other required declarations.

These declarations must be included in the manuscript and must comply with CNJ's Conflict of Interest Policy and other applicable journal policies.